Oil burner



Mar. 6, 1923.

F. HARDINGE OIL BURNER 1921 2 sheets-sheet l Filed May 16,

Mas". 6, 1923.

` www5 F. HARDINGE OIL BURNER Fi I ed May 16, '1921 Patente ar. 6, 1923.

HTED.; STATES FRANKLIN HARDINGE, F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO HARDINGE BROTHERS, INCORPOBATEDOF CHICAGO,'ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

OIL BURNER.

lApplication filed May 16,

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known thatI, FRANKLIN HARDINGE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Oil Burners, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification. y

My invention relates to improvements 1n oil burners and is particularly concerned with, though not limited to, improvements in oil burners of that type in which a rotary atomizing nozzle is used for finely subdividing the fuel and mixing it with air to form a combustible mixture.

The objects of my invention are, First; to provide an oil burnerof the character described in which means are provided for regulatin the amount of air which is mixed with the nely subdivided oil.

Second; to provide an oil burner of the character described comprising means for supplying air to either or both sides of the oil spray formed by the atomizing nozzle.

Third, to provide an oil burner of the character described in which the quantity of air supplied to either side of the o1l spray 80 can be adjusted, the two adjusting means being independent of each other.

Fourth; to provide an oil burner comprising a rotary atomizing nozzle having fan blades or vanes secured to the periphery 85 thereof for supplying a blast of air to be mixed with the oil spray, and means for controlling the quantity of air mixed with the oil spray, of such construction that while varying the quantity of air mixed with the oil spray, it does not materially reduce its velocity.

Fifth; to provide an oil burner of the character described in which the means for regulating or adjusting the supply of air are conveniently located at accessible points so that the quantity of air can be quickly and easily adjusted to the quantity of fuel which it is desired to burn, and

Sixth; to provide a burner of the character described which is simple in construction, rugged and economical to manufacture.

Other objects will appear as this descrip- 1921. S'eriaI No. 470,207.

tion progresses, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a horizontal transverse section through a furnace showing my improved oil burner in elevation.

Figure 2 is a vertical section taken through a portion of the furnace embodying my improved oil burner, portions of the burner being shown in section, and

Figure 3 is a sectional detail taken on line 3 3 of Figure 2.

In my co-pending application, Serial No. 380,794 filed May 12, 1920, I have disclosed and claimed an oil burner comprising a' rotary atomizing nozzle, and certain features of construction of the fire box of a furnace adapted to be used in conjunction with this oil burner.

. My present application relates to certain improvements in the details of construction of the oil burner disclosed in my aforesaid application and, in particular, relates to means for controlling the amount of air which is mixed with the finely divided fuel discharged from the atomizing nozzle. I have found, through experience, that in order to secure the best combustion, it is necessary to maintain a more or less definite ratio or relation between the amount of fuel fed to the atomizing nozzle and the amount of air which is mixed with fuel.

I have also discovered that more efficient combustion is obtained by supplying air to both sides of the oil spray formed by the atomizing nozzle.

I shall now describe the means by which I accomplish the objects recited above.

Referring to the drawings, I have therein illustrated a furnace which is conventionally illustrated as comprising an outer metal shell 5` the lower portion of which is provided with an inner lining of suitable heat insulating material 6, which surrounds the fire-bed formed b v a circular Wall of heat insulating material 7 such as fire bricks and a bottom wall 8 formed of fire clay or other suitable material. The fire bricks 7 and the wall 8 are supported by suitable sheet metal plates 9 which rest upon supports 10 which may be formed of pipes. An annular conical-shaped ring l1 is supported by a framework illustrated and described in my cothe atomized pending application, Serial No. 443,828 filed February 10, 1921. At' its lower end, the ring 11 is provided with an outwardly and upwardly turned fiange forming a trough 12, into which any unconsumed oil thrown upon the fire bed 8 can drain. AThe construction thus far described is illustrated and described in my two co-pending applications above referred to. and further description thereof herein is believed to be unnecessary.

Briefly speaking, the oil burner which I have illustrated herein comprises a rotary atomizing nozzle 13 which flares upwardly and outwardly as shown in Figure 2, the discharge edge 1-1 of this nozzle being sharpcned to a knife edge which assists in breaking the oil up into affine spray as it passes from this knife edge. The nozzle 13 is rotated by the motor 14 through the shaft l5, the inner end of which is provided with a bevel gear, not shown, for engaging a similar gear secured to the lower end of the hollow shaft 15, not shown, upon the upper end of which the atomizing nozzle 13 is mounted.

The oil to be burned ,is drawn from a suitable source, not shown. through a pipe 15 and forced through the pressure regulating chamber 16 by means of a gear or other pressure pump 17 and from thence through the pipe 18 to a stand-pipe, not shown, projecting up through a hollow shaft upon which the atomizing nozzle 13 is mounted. This stand-pipe discharges the fuel into a centrifugal separator comprising the cup 18 from whence the fuel flows upwardly and outwardly over the inner surface of the atomizing nozzle 13.

Fan blades or vanes-19 projecting out wardly from the periphery of the atomizing nozzle 13 immediately beneath the atomizing edge of this nozzle, provide means for directing a blast of air horizontally and substantially parallel with the oil spray discharged from the edge 11 of the atomizing nozzle.

The construction thus far described is illustrated and described in all its detail in my co-pending application Serial No. 380,7 94 led May 12. 1920. referred to above, and no further description thereof isnecessary for a clear understanding of my present invention, exceptto state that I provide a valve 18 for controlling the flowl of oil to the burner whereby the amount of oil supplied to the burner can be adjusted to. provide the necessary amount of heat.

To secure the best results, I have discovered that it is necessary to preserve a more or less definite relation between the quantity of fuel supplied to the burner and the quantity of air with which the fuel is mixed as it is discharged from the burner. I have also discovered that the means for controlling the supply of air must be of such construction that it will not materially lower the velocity of the air discharged from the fan blades 19 because this blast of air mixes with-the oil spray at points quite near the knife edge 14 of the atomizing nozzle and acts as a carrier for the finely subdivided fuel, holdin()` it in suspension `until it is consumed. If `he velocity of the air is materially reduced, it can no longer act as a carrier, and some of the fuel will drop to the fire bed' 8 where it remains either in an unconsumed condition, or is very ineticiently burned.

To accomplish this result, I provide a diverting ring 20 which surrounds the fan blades 19 and the inner edge of which is beveled, as shown at 21 to provide eiiicient means for deflecting the air thrown outwardly by those portions of the fan blades 19 lying below the upper surface of the ring 20. Through extended experience, I have discovered that the best results are obtained by making the upper side 21 of the ring 2() substantially fiat, as shown in Figure 2L The ring 20 issupported by a second ring 22 which closely fits the opening 23 in the upper end of the conical ring 11 and is supported by a plurality of brackets 24 extending upwardly from a ring 25 which is threaded upon a ring 26 supported by a cylindrical extension 27 forming a part of the, bearing for the hollow shaft upon which the atomizing nozzle 13 is mounted. The pitch of the threads 28 is comparatively large so that a comparatively small angular movement of the ring 25 will result in a comparatively large vertical displacement of the ring 25 and consequently of the diverting ring 20.

For angularly adjusting the ring 25 and thus adjusting the position of the diverting ring 20. I provide the link 30, the inner end of which is pivotally secured to an extension formed on the ring 25 as shown at 31, and the outer end of which projects outwardly beyond the wall of the furnace and is provided with a handle 32 by means of which ythe link 30 can be moved inwardly and outwardly. To hold the link 30 in its adjusted position, I provide it with a plurality of openings33 which can be engaged with the upper end of a pin 34 which is carried by the bracket 35. The bracket A35 also carries a channel-shaped guide 36 through which the link 30 slides, this guide being pivoted upon the pin 34 so as to adjust itself to the different angular positions of the link 30 corresponding to its different positions.-

From the above description, it will be clear that the ring 25 can be rotated in either direction by merely pulling or pushing upon the link 3() and that the ring 2() will be correspondingly vertically adjusted to divert more or less of the air thrown outwardly by the fan blades 19 away from the oil spray formed by the atomizing nozzle. By these means. I am able to very accurately control the amount of air supplied to the lower side of the oil spray.l

I have discovered that better combustion can he obtained by supplying air both above and below the oil spray7 and I have, therefore, provided other means in addition to the fan blades 19 for supplying air to the oil spray, these means being designed to supply air to the upper side of the oil spray. These means comprise an air conduit having a vertical down-take portion 4() which discharges immediately aboveA a. conical deflector 41 and a horizontal intake portion 42 which opens through the door frame 43 and the door 44 of the furnace. The intake portion 4:2 of this air conduit is supported by :i stirrup 45 which is provided in its upper edge with a seinic-ircular notch within which the intake portion 42 rests and a plate 4G having a circular opening formed therein through which the outer end of the intake portion 42 projects. The stirrup 45 and the plate 4G projects from a plate 4T which may he secured `to one of the ,side walls of the door frame 43 by screws 48 or in any other suitable manner. rl`he door 44 is provided with an opening 49 which registers with the 'L end of the intake portion 42 of the air conduit.

A damper housing 50 projects from the outer face of the door 44 in registry with the opening 4'9 and rotatably supports a shaft 51 to which is secured a damper 52. A wire 53 is secured to the upper end of t-he shaft 51 by means of a. set screw 54 and its free end is reversely curved upon itself and provided with ay down-turned portion 55 which is adapted to be engaged in the openings 56 formed in the upper side of the damper housing. By this means the damper can be held in any of its adjusted positions and the supply of air to t-he upper side of the oil spray can thus be controlled.

The conical defiec-tor 41 is supported by the upper end of the stand-pipe disclosed in my co-pending application No. 380,794 referred to above. and the detlecting walls thereof are slightly concaved as shown in Figure L) so as to direct the air passing downwardly through the air conduit to a substantially horizontal direction. the base of the detlector being supported in a plane slightly above the knife edge 14 of the atomizing nozzle.

It is necessary from time to time to clean the inner surface of the atomizing nozzle 13 and I. therefore. make the opening through the plate 46 large enough to permit the inner end of the intake portion 42 of the air conduit to be tilted upwardly to cause the lower end of the down-take portion 40 to clear the upper end of the defiector 41. The air conduit can then be rotated about the axis of the intake port-ion 42 and held in this posit-ion by means of the set screw G0 which is adjustable in the block 61 projecting from one face of the plate 46. `The coni- .cal defiector 41 can then beremoved and the inner surface of the atomizing nozzle can be cleaned by holding any suitable object in contact with it while the nozzle is being rotated. The defiector can then be replaced and the air conduit can be adjusted to its original position and then locked by means ofthe setscrew 60. A ring 62 secured to the intake portion 42 and engaging the outer side of the stirrup plate 45 provides means for determining the proper position of the air conduit.

While I have described the details of construction of the preferred embodiment of my invention, it is to be clearly understood that my invention isnot limited to these details of construction but is capable of other adaptations and modifications within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. A furnace comprising a fire box, having an opening formed in the bottom wall thereof, a fire door, a rotary outwardly flaring atomizing nozzle projecting through said opening, said nozzle having fan vanes extending outwardly from the periphery and adjacent the discharge edge thereof, a conical air defiector supported in the mouth of said nozzle with its base slightly above the discharge edge of said nozzle, an air conduit extending from a point adjacent said fire door and discharging over said conical deflector, the said door being provided with an opening registering with said air conduit and a damper for controlling tle flow of air through said opening.

2. A furnace comprising a re box, having an opening 'formed in the bottom wall thereof, a fire door, a rotary outwardly Haring atomizing nozzle projecting through said opening. said nozzle having fan vanes extending outwardly from the periphery and adjacent the discharge edge thereof, an air deflector supported in the mouth of said nozzle, and an air conduit extending from a point adjacent said fire door and discharging over said deflector, the said door being provided with an lopening registering with said air conduit.

3. A furnace comprising a fire box, having an opening formed in the bottom wall thereof. a fire door, a rotary outwardly flaring atomizing nozzle projecting through said opening, said nozzle having fan vanes extending outwardly from the periphery and adjacent the discharge edge thereof, an air defiector supported in the mouth of said nozzle. and an air conduit extending from a point adjacent said fire door and discharging over said deector.

ing an opening formed in the bottom Wall thereof, a rotary outwardly flaring atomizing nozzle projecting through said opening, said nozzle having fan vanes extending outwardly from the periphery and adjacent the discharge edge thereof, a deflector ring `surrounding said atomizing nozzle, the upper side of said detlector ring being substantially flat, and means for adjustably supporting said deflector ring at points intermediate the ends of said fan vanes.

6. A furnace comprising a fire box, having an opening formed in the botton Wall thereof, a rotary outwardly Haring atomizing nozzle projecting through said opening, said nozzle having fan vanes extending outwardly from the periphery and adjacent the discharge edge thereof, a deflector ring surrounding said atomizing nozzle, and means for adjustablysupporting said deflectorl ring at points intermediate the ends of said fan vanes. i

7. An oil burner comprising a rotary atomizing nozzle comprising a plurality' of fan blades for directing a blast of air in a substantially horizontal direction, means for controlling the quantity of air supplied to the oil spray formed by said atomizing nozzle Without materially reducing its velocity, and adjustable means for supplying air to the upper side of said oiltspray. A v8. An oil burner, comprising a rotary atomizing nozzle comprising a plurality of fan blades for directing a blast of air in a substantially horizontal direction, and means for controlling the quantity of air supplied to the oil spray formed by said atomizing nozzle without materially reducing its velocity.

j In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 11th day of May, 1921.

o FRANKLIN HARDINGE.

lVitnesses:

ALBIN C. AHLBERG, EMILE J. BOURGEOIS. 

